Your own orchard
Start a mango orchard
The whole growing method from choosing land to harvest, a calculator for how many plants and what it costs, and an advisor you can simply ask.
Orchard calculator
Enter your land and the spacing to see how many plants you need and what the start may cost.
Growing guide, step by step
This is general guidance and varies with soil and weather. For fertiliser doses and pesticides ask your local agricultural office.
1. Choosing the land
- Pick high or medium-high land that does not hold water; loam or sandy loam suits mango best.
- Choose a spot with full sun and some shelter from storms; a windbreak of tall trees around the orchard helps.
- Make sure there is a source of irrigation water: young plants need it in the dry season for the first two or three years.
- Test the soil before you buy plants so that fertiliser can be matched to it.
2. Choosing varieties
- Think about what sells and when it ripens. Gopalbhog comes first, then Himsagar and Khirsapat, then Langra and Fazli, Amrapali later, and Ashwina last.
- Mixing early and late varieties spreads both risk and sales over the season.
- Always buy grafted plants so the variety is certain. Seedlings are unpredictable in variety and in when they fruit.
- For close planting, compact varieties such as Amrapali are the usual choice.
3. Planting time and pits
- Plants usually go in during the monsoon (about June to September) when the soil is moist.
- Dig pits 15 to 30 days ahead. About 1 m on each side suits wide spacing; close planting can use smaller pits.
- Refill with the topsoil mixed with well-rotted cow dung or compost. Fix the amount to match your soil.
- Set the plant with the graft union above the ground, water at once and tie it to a stake.
4. Care in the first years
- Water regularly in the dry season and mulch the base with straw or leaves to keep moisture.
- Keep the base free of weeds and fence young plants against cattle and goats.
- Replace any plant that dies in the first year, which is why a few spares are wise.
- Removing flowers in the first years lets the plant grow strong before it bears.
5. Fertiliser and irrigation
- Fertiliser grows with the age of the tree and is normally given in a few doses a year, such as the start and end of the monsoon.
- Add organic manure every year; take the exact amount of chemical fertiliser from a soil test and local agricultural advice.
- Heavy irrigation during flowering can make flowers drop, so keep it light then, and water regularly again while the fruit grows.
6. Pruning and shaping
- In the first years remove extra low branches and keep three or four main limbs to shape the tree.
- After harvest cut dead, diseased and crowded branches so light and air reach the inside.
- In close planting, skipping yearly pruning makes the trees shade each other and the yield falls.
7. Flowering and fruit set
- Flowering is usually from late winter to early spring. Avoid spraying during flowering, because bees and insects pollinate.
- If a lot of young fruit drops, check water, nutrition and pests.
- Fruit bagging, covering each fruit with a paper or special bag, protects against insects and blemishes and improves colour.
8. Diseases and pests
- Common problems are mango hopper, powdery mildew, anthracnose, fruit fly and stem borer.
- Start with an integrated approach: keep the orchard clean, remove fallen leaves and rotten fruit, bag the fruit and use traps.
- Do not choose a pesticide or fungicide and its dose yourself; ask your local Department of Agricultural Extension (DAE) or BARI.
9. Harvest
- Pick when the fruit is mature (shoulders filled out, skin colour starting to change); picking too early costs taste and quality.
- Cut with a short stalk and keep the sap off the skin, or it leaves stains.
- Keep the fruit in shade, sort it and pack it in crates with soft padding. Do not rush ripening and marketing.
The year at a glance
| Monsoon (Jun–Sep) | Plant new saplings, prune after harvest, fertilise at the start of the rains |
|---|---|
| Autumn (Oct–Nov) | Post-monsoon fertiliser and manure, clean the orchard, clear fallen leaves |
| Winter (Dec–Feb) | Flowering time: go easy on water, avoid spraying, watch for hopper and mildew |
| Spring (Mar–Apr) | Fruit set and growth: irrigation, fruit bagging, fruit fly traps |
| Summer (May–Aug) | Harvest in turns, from Gopalbhog to Ashwina |
Orchard advisor
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Mango orchard advisor
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Our grafted saplings
See all saplings
In stockKatimon 12-Month Mango (5 Saplings)
৳1,750 / plant৳2,000
In stockAmrapali Sapling (5 Saplings)
৳750 / plant৳1,000
In stockHaribhanga Sapling (5 Saplings)
৳1,500 / plant৳2,000
In stockGourmoti Mango Sapling (5 Saplings)
৳1,500 / plant৳1,800
In stockBanana Mango Sapling (5 Saplings)
৳1,500 / plant৳2,000
In stockHimsagar Mango Sapling (5 Saplings)
৳1,250 / plant৳1,500
In stockAmerican Red Palmer Mango Sapling (3 Saplings)
৳1,200 / plant৳1,500
In stockKing of Chakapat Mango Sapling (5 Saplings)
৳1,200 / plant৳1,500
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Frequently asked questions
How soon does a mango tree bear fruit?
Grafted plants usually start bearing in 3 to 5 years and need a few more years to reach full yield.
How many mango plants fit in one shatak?
It depends on spacing: roughly 0.4 plants at 10 × 10 m and 1.6 at 5 × 5 m. Use the calculator on this page to work it out.
When should I plant?
Usually in the monsoon, about June to September.